VerbalBuilder

Study guides

Every verbal skill, explained.

What each GRE and SAT verbal skill tests, how to approach it, and the traps to avoid — free, no sign-in needed.

GRE Verbal

Vocabulary

Text Completion and Sentence Equivalence hinge on the precise meaning, connotation, and register of sophisticated words.

Approach

  • Find the sentence's 'clue' — the word or phrase that tells you what the blank must mean — before looking at the choices.
  • Predict your own word for the blank first, then match it to the closest choice.
  • Use roots, prefixes, and connotation (positive/negative) to narrow unfamiliar words.
  • For Sentence Equivalence, the two answers must be near-synonyms AND both fit — pick the meaning first, then the pair.

Common traps

  • A word whose common meaning fits but whose precise sense contradicts the sentence's logic.
  • A tempting second synonym pair that doesn't actually match the sentence's meaning.

Sentence Structure

Reading the logic of complex sentences — how clauses, pivots, and qualifiers determine what a blank or answer must be.

Approach

  • Spot the pivot words (however, thus, despite, because) — they set contrast, cause, or agreement.
  • Strip the sentence to its core subject–verb to see what it's really claiming.
  • Decide whether the blank must agree with or oppose the clue, then choose accordingly.

Common traps

  • Multiple clauses or double negatives that hide the real logical direction.
  • Choosing a word that fits one clause but breaks the sentence as a whole.

Logic & Inference

Drawing conclusions that must follow from the passage — inference, assumption, and 'what the author implies'.

Approach

  • The answer must be forced by the text, not merely consistent with it.
  • Separate what is stated from what is implied; the question tells you which it wants.
  • Watch the logical connectors that link evidence to conclusion.

Common traps

  • Choices that are true in the real world but not supported by this passage.
  • Over-reaching inferences that go one step further than the text allows.

Main Idea

Identifying the central point or primary purpose of a passage.

Approach

  • Read the first and last sentences closely — the thesis usually lives there.
  • Ask 'why did the author write this?' rather than 'what does it say?'.
  • The main idea covers the whole passage, not one paragraph.

Common traps

  • Choices that are too narrow (a supporting detail) or too broad (beyond the passage).
  • A true statement about a sub-point mistaken for the overall point.

Supporting Detail

Locating and correctly interpreting specific facts stated in the passage.

Approach

  • Go back to the exact text — never answer detail questions from memory.
  • Paraphrase the relevant sentence, then match it to a choice.

Common traps

  • Choices that subtly distort the stated detail (change a number, scope, or actor).
  • Plausible statements that simply aren't in the passage.

Tone & Attitude

Judging the author's stance, tone, or attitude toward the subject.

Approach

  • Hunt for evaluative or emotional words that reveal a stance.
  • GRE tones are usually moderate (measured, skeptical, appreciative) — extremes are rare.
  • Separate the author's view from views the author merely reports.

Common traps

  • Extreme-tone choices (contemptuous, euphoric) that overshoot a measured author.
  • Attributing a cited critic's opinion to the author.

SAT Reading & Writing

Information & Ideas

Comprehension, inference, and command of evidence — including questions where a table or graph supports a claim.

Approach

  • Base every answer strictly on the passage or the data — no outside knowledge.
  • For command-of-evidence, match the specific claim to the exact data point that proves it.
  • For inference, the answer must be directly supported, not just possible.

Common traps

  • Data misreads: the wrong row/column, a reversed trend, or an unsupported comparison.
  • 'Could be true' choices when the question needs 'must be true'.

Craft & Structure

Words in context, the purpose/structure of text, and connections across two passages.

Approach

  • For words-in-context, plug each choice back in and test the sentence's logic — ignore the word's most common meaning.
  • Ask what a sentence or paragraph is doing (introduce, contrast, illustrate), not just what it says.
  • For paired texts, pin down each author's point before comparing them.

Common traps

  • Picking a word's everyday definition instead of the meaning the context demands.
  • Confusing a text's structure/purpose with its content.

Expression of Ideas

Rhetorical synthesis (using notes to meet a goal) and choosing the most logical transition.

Approach

  • For transitions, name the relationship between the two ideas (contrast, cause, example) first, then pick the matching word.
  • For synthesis, re-read the stated GOAL and use only the given bullet notes.

Common traps

  • A transition that reads smoothly but signals the wrong logical relationship.
  • Synthesis choices that are accurate but don't accomplish the stated goal.

Standard English Conventions

Grammar, usage, and punctuation — sentence boundaries, agreement, and punctuating clauses and lists.

Approach

  • Check subject–verb and pronoun agreement, verb tense, and modifier placement.
  • Watch sentence boundaries: comma splices and run-ons are the most tested error.
  • Read the sentence with each option inserted — the correct one is grammatical, not just smooth.

Common traps

  • Choosing what 'sounds right' over what is grammatically correct.
  • A comma where a semicolon or period is required between independent clauses.

Ready to practice?

Start free →
VerbalBuilder

Free, adaptive verbal practice for the GRE and SAT.

VerbalBuilder is an independent study tool and is not affiliated with, endorsed by, or sponsored by ETS or the College Board. GRE® is a registered trademark of ETS; SAT® is a registered trademark of the College Board. Practice questions are original and AI-generated; scores are estimates.